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been characterized as a potent D2 dopamine agonist but not a dopamine reuptake inhibitor in humans. This D2 dopamine agonism contributes to the infamous

species and autoxidation of dopamine. In rodents and primates, sufficiently high doses of amphetamine causes damage to dopamine neurons, characterized as

In order to maintain consistency across the wiki, images of molecular structures should be produced in a standardized format rather than obtained from

other MAOIs, stimulants and certain substances which release serotonin or dopamine. It is recommended to avoid blends or branded products if the active psychoactive

1371/journal.pone.0194984. ISSN 1932-6203.  3-MeO-PCE (TripSit) | https://wiki.tripsit.me/wiki/3-MeO-PCE https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-463?text=o+seznam

to excessive pre-synaptic dopamine autoxidation, a mechanism of neurotoxicity. Similar to the neurotoxic effects on the dopamine system, methamphetamine

the wiki. For example adding two brackets around a term like "serotonergic psychedelic" (serotonergic psychedelic) will link to the PsychonautWiki page

pyrrolidine ⋅ Tropane alkaloid ⋅ Tryptamine Acetylcholine ⋅ Adrenaline ⋅ Dopamine ⋅ GABA ⋅ Glutamate ⋅ Hormone ⋅ Melatonin ⋅ Neuron ⋅ Neurotransmitter ⋅

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pharmacology, but it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. 4-FMA was first detected being

ISSN 0378-4274.  https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/File:Nbome_death_news_i2013e0190_disp.jpg https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/File:Nbome_death_news_i2013e0191_disp

primarily as a potent norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the

and 6-APB. It produces its effects by promoting the release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain, particularly serotonin. MDMA was first

stimulant effects. Responsible use Dopamine Substituted piperidine [Piperazine (Wikipedia)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperazine] Substituted piperazine

serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with Ki values of 117, 150, and 2698 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), dopamine transporter

cognitive and memory impairment and amnesia. Some dissociatives affect the dopamine and/or opioid systems and are capable of inducing euphoria. Dissociatives

prominent of which are increasing concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine by either promoting release (e.g. amphetamine, methamphetamine)

PCP-Thread-%28Part-1%29 3-MeO-PCP Psychosis (PsychonautWiki) | https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/3-MeO-PCP#Toxicity_and_harm_potential Morris, H., Wallach

thought to work by increasing levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and/or norepinephrine in certain regions in the brain. MAOIs

experienced by users of 2C-B. Research also suggests that 2C-B increases dopamine levels in the brains of rats which may contribute to its psychoactivity

primarily acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It is most active at modulating levels of dopamine and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine

receptors with serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Activation of mu receptors allows for the disinhibition of serotonin and dopamine neurons by blocking

and thus dopamine accumulates in the synaptic cleft. The increased concentration of dopamine in the synapse activates post-synaptic dopamine receptors

reinforcing potential of mephedrone. Dopamine and serotonin were collected using microdialysis, and increases in dopamine and serotonin were measured. Mephedrone

acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain

primarily as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

with MDMA, MDA is thought to act primarily as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent.[citation needed] However, MDA is

monoamine chain can be found in many neurotransmitters, including histamine, dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. It is also found in many psychoactive substances

such as dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. The agonism of this set of receptors results in the release of increased concentrations of dopamine, serotonin

not reduced by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol in rats. In addition, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, an inhibitor of dopamine synthesis, blocks the

widely-prescribed ADHD medication methylphenidate. It is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Isopropylphenidate has been investigated for

1950s. It produces its activity by increasing the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. The synthesis and pharmacology of 3-FPM

of mephedrone (4-MMC). The mechanism of action is not fully studied, but dopamine and serotonin and norepinephrine releasing activity is known to be involved

thought to act primarily as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters

releasing agent of the main three monoamines; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist. αMT's psychedelic effects

potent dopamine releaser. This indicates that 3-FEA effectively increases the levels of all the three major monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine

profile of GHB. GHB's effect on dopamine release is biphasic. This means that while low concentrations stimulate dopamine release via the GHB receptor, higher

the notable exception of 4-FA), it most likely acts primarily as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent, with modest selectivity for serotonin

highly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with neglible effects on dopamine and norepinephrine. MDAI was developed by the American medicinal chemist

known, but it is likely similar to that of LSD, which acts on serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain. 1V-LSD is a research chemical

both a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

includes compounds like MDPV, hexen, and a-PHP. It acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. α-PVP was patented in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim

acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

mixed reuptake inhibitor/releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These neurotransmitters are thought to be responsible for regulating pleasure

is as a D2 dopaminergic receptor antagonist. This means that it blocks dopamine from binding to the receptor, meanwhile not activating it.[citation needed]

stimulants, increases dopamine levels in the brain which can lead to severe manic psychosis in the short-term in addition to persisting dopamine receptor down

such as dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. The agonism of this set of receptors results in the release of increased concentrations of dopamine, serotonin

effects of chronic memantine treatment. Memantine acts as an agonist at the dopamine D2 receptor with equal or slightly higher affinity than to the NMDA receptors

sertraline has noticeable activity at the dopamine transporter protein and could be considered a serotonin-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Several other SSRIs

others. Hexedrone most likely acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to build up within the

pronounced than other racetams. That may be due phenypiracetam's action as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Phenylpiracetam

benzeneethanamine) is a trace amine and influencer of many neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Phenethylamine is an important molecule in the brain, but

substances which promotes the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. These substances include but are not limited to: In November 2003, the

not reduced by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol in rats. In addition, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, an inhibitor of dopamine synthesis, blocks the

act primarily as a mild norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the

it most likely acts primarily as a triple releasing agent of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.[citation needed] Disclaimer: The effects listed below

Neurotransmitter Monoamine Receptor Synapse Blood–brain barrier Serotonin Dopamine Glutamate NMDA AMPA Kainate receptor GABA Orexin Sigma receptor Adenosine

positions. 3,4-CTMP acts as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters

and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. It also acts as a NDRA (norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent). Ephedrine, a sympathomimetic amine, acts on part of the

efficiency dopamine reuptake inhibitor than the closely related methylphenidate, meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine neurotransmitters

5-MAPB is a triple reuptake inhibitor for the monoamines norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin as well as being an agonist for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors

produces its effects by increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The first recorded human use of MDEA was in 1976 by Alexander

Stimulants facilitate the activity of the monoamine neurotransmitters, i.e., dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous

4-hydroxyphenylalanine) is a non-essential amino acid that serves a precursor to dopamine, adrenaline and norepinephrine in the human body. As a supplement, it is

cocaine are mediated by DAT inhibition, and an increase of exocytosis of dopamine through the cell membrane. Amphetamine reverses the direction of DAT and

dichloropane on the central nervous system is the blockade of the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporter. This substance acts as a triple reuptake

adjusted accordingly. 5-APB is a triple reuptake inhibitor for norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin as well as being an agonist for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors

potent serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with very poor affinity for SERT. This allows dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

pharmacology, although it likely acts by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. N-Ethylhexedrone was first synthesized by Boehringer Ingelheim

induces addiction-predicting persistent changes in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons but is not rewarding in mice or baboons". The Journal of Neuroscience

reuptake inhibitor, and that it releases the neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. 2-FEA likely creates it effects by acting as a releasing

designer drug pentedrone and α-PVP, which both act as a potent norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRI), although no substantial research on the pharmacology

reuptake inhibition of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine are also thought to be involved to an extent. This can result in bufotenin

acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

acts as reuptake inhibitor of glutamine and glutamate. Theanine increases dopamine, GABA, and glycine levels in various areas of the brain. It also affects

acts as a selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to MDMA, it is considerably

5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors. It can also be expected to act as an agonist at dopamine receptors such as D2. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from

direct effects on monoamines like dopamine and serotonin. Tianeptine slightly increases extracellular levels of dopamine, although it is not known how exactly

the sense that it inhibits serotonin reuptake in addition to inhibiting dopamine reuptake. It also increases levels of norepinephrine, but its means of

reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters known as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline which are the global neurotransmitters that modulate

binding activity at a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no data to support these

production or availability of chemicals such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, beta-endorphin and serotonin in the brain and other parts of the body

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although it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. Ephylone was developed in the 1960s by

other simple substituted cathinone, it most likely acts principally as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It however has been shown that ETH-CAT

“hole”. Although vendors of diphenidine have stated the compound acts as a dopamine-reuptake inhibitor and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor with µ-opioid affinity

also has effects on most of the other major neurotransmitters, including dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and, in high doses, on norepinephrine, and to

and PKC) signaling, causes dopamine transporter (DAT) phosphorylation. Both PKA and PKC result in non-competitive dopamine reuptake inhibition, although

Kava's consituents have a sedative effect and act mainly on the GABA and dopamine receptors, as well as the sodium and calcium ion channels, but have also

Methiopropamine functions as a selective norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting

compounds known as substituted cathinones. Pentedrone acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Pentedrone was first detected being sold online

move them into it. Anti-dopaminergics - Because promethazine also blocks dopamine receptors, other drugs and substances that do this will increase the chances

haloperidol has a diverse pharmacological profile. Primarily, haloperidol acts on dopamine D2 receptors as an antagonist, as well as a D3 inverse agonist. Haloperidol

Additionally, studies have shown that LSD possesses binding efficacy at all dopamine and all norepinephrine receptors. Most serotonergic psychedelics are not

investigation. In contrast to LSD, this compound has no significant effect on dopamine receptors and only affects the noradrenergic system at very high dosages

Administration of alprazolam has been demonstrated to elicit an increase in striatal dopamine concentrations. This results in effects including reduced anxiety, muscle

mixed reuptake inhibitor/releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These are the neurotransmitters in charge of pleasure, reward, motivation

selective ligand for the NMDA receptor without appreciable affinity for the dopamine transporter. Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect

mixed reuptake inhibitor/releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These are the neurotransmitters in charge of pleasure, reward, motivation

similar effects on most of the other major neurotransmitters, including dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and, in high doses, norepinephrine, and to a

E. (1995). LSD and structural analogs: pharmacological evaluation at D1 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology, 118(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245940

Frank (1994). "Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists". European

Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its antipsychotic effects by blocking dopamine receptors. Prochlorperazine is analogous to chlorpromazine; both of these

substances which promotes the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. These substances include but are not limited to: Canada: 2C-T would be

supplementation also appears to enhance dopamine output from activated neurons without significantly affecting basal levels of dopamine.[citation needed] This could

including multiple different subtypes of serotonin receptors as well as dopamine and adrenoreceptors well.[citation needed] However, the role of these interactions

reuptake inhibition of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine are also thought to be involved to an extent. This can result in 5-MeO-DMT

acts more of a NMDA receptor antagonist whilst still being a equipotent dopamine reuptake inhibitor like the aformentioned compounds. The NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)

combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis

triple reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively elevates the levels of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin neurotransmitters throughout the brain and

reuptake of the dopamine transporter about 8-fold more potently than does arketamine, and so is about 8 times more potent as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor

monoamine chain can be found in many neurotransmitters, including histamine, dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. It is also found in many psychoactive substances

binding to serotonin receptors in the brain. It may, like LSD, bind to dopamine receptors as well. The subjective effects of LAE-32 are reportedly mainly

neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline . Despite its chemical similarity to mephedrone, it lacks the dopamine and noradrenaline releasing

binding activity at a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no experimental data to

certain substances which releases neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. These substances include but are not limited to: Austria: 2C-T-21 is illegal

acts as a selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to MDMA, it is considerably

- This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis

This seems to be caused by both µ-opioid receptor agonism and downstream dopamine reinforcement. In comparison to other opioids, this particular substance

certain substances which releases neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. These substances include but are not limited to: See also: Mimosa tenuiflora

the “K-hole” results. Ephenidine also possesses weaker affinity for the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (379 nM and 841 nM, respectively) as well

effects, the precise mechanism of action is unknown, but according to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, antipsychotic effects might be related to the

certain substances which releases neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine. These substances include but are not limited to: In November 2003, the

similar to benzodiazepines, with similar effects on locomotor activity and on dopamine and serotonin turnover. In comparison to other substances of a similar

involvement of SAM-e in the process of synthesizing serotonin, creatine and dopamine likely play a role in nootropic effects as well. Disclaimer: The effects

that "Pregabalin has no involvement with serotonin and dopamine receptors and does not inhibit dopamine, serotonin, or noradrenaline reuptake." Pregabalin's

[Epub ahead of print] Seeman, P., Guan, H.-C., Hirbec, H. (August 2009). "Dopamine D2 High receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide

E. (1995). LSD and structural analogs: pharmacological evaluation at D1 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology, 118(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245940

much less understood. Unlike LSD, psilocin has no significant effect on dopamine receptors and only affects the noradrenergic system at very high dosages

E. (1995). LSD and structural analogs: pharmacological evaluation at D1 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology, 118(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245940

modulate synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine through unknown mechanisms. These substances include

Frank (1994). "Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists". European

euphoria which many users report suggests that it may also have action as a dopamine and / or a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. It should be noted that like

partial agonist, similar to LSD. Additionally, efavirenz is a serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor. Efavirenz

binding activity at a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no data to support these

agent or reuptake inhibitor of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Austria: 5-MeO-MiPT is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the

also a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Pethidine is also a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Pethidine is

central analgesic tramadol on the uptake and release of noradrenaline and dopamine in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 108 (3): 806–811. doi:10.1111/j

highly similar binding profiles at monoamine receptors (i.e. serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine).[citation needed] One study found MiPLA to fully substitute

(November 3, 1994). "Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists". European

and µ-opioid receptors, inhibits synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and cellular uptake of anandamide

- This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis

Methadone Opioids Stimulants Amphetamine Caffeine Cocaine Nicotine Other Dopamine Oxytocin Serotonin Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) The Infographics

in a dose dependent manner. Via CB1 activation, THC indirectly increases dopamine release and produces psychotropic effects. Cannabidiol acts as an allosteric

serious heart issues. ΑMT PCP - Due to PCP's unique pharmacology affecting dopamine levels this may cause cardiovascular complications. MDMA - High risk of

L-Phenylalanine Dopamine Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Histamine Melatonin Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Serotonin (5-HT) Catecholamines Dopamine Phenethylamines

potential release dopamine into reward regions of the brain. Substance use can be reinforced because the brain can come to expect the reward (dopamine), resulting

valued for its hallucinogenic properties. Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist and chemically belongs to the class of morphinans. It

blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly the D2 receptors. Perazine acts primarily as a dopamine antagonist, binding to dopamine receptors

the brain. Examples of neurotransmitters: Glutamate GABA Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Noradrenaline Endogenousopioids (mostly rather neuromodulatory