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In order to maintain consistency across the wiki, images of molecular structures should be produced in a standardized format rather than obtained from

action involves promoting release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. It was first synthesized in 1887, but its psychostimulant effects were

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releases a dopamine:norepinephrine ratio of ~1:1.3 from synapses versus ~1:2 for d-amphetamine. Their effect on the norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT)

but it likely produces its effects by increasing levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. 4-FMA was first detected being sold in

thought to act primarily as a potent norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations

produces its effects by promoting the release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain, particularly serotonin. MDMA was first developed in 1912

6-APB is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with Ki values of 117, 150, and 2698 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET),

are increasing concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine by either promoting release (e.g. amphetamine, methamphetamine) or by

MAOIs (MAOIs) Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

acts as a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist and a reuptake inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin. Tramadol was developed in 1962 and launched under the

as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It is most active at modulating levels of dopamine and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine. Methylphenidate

through the interaction of the mu receptors with serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Activation of mu receptors allows for the disinhibition of serotonin

mechanism of action is not fully studied, but dopamine and serotonin and norepinephrine releasing activity is known to be involved. 3-MMC first appeared on

acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain

reuptake inhibitor and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

primarily as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

produces its activity by increasing the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. The synthesis and pharmacology of 3-FPM was first reported

mechanism of action involves increasing levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain.[citation needed] Cocaine is one of the most widespread

serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with neglible effects on dopamine and norepinephrine. MDAI was developed by the American medicinal chemist and pharmacologist

which includes compounds like MDPV, hexen, and a-PHP. It acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. α-PVP was patented in the 1960s by Boehringer

dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

promoting the release of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain.[citation needed] Mephedrone was first synthesized in 1929

acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

Methylone acts as a mixed reuptake inhibitor/releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These neurotransmitters are thought to be responsible

(Ecstasy). As with MDMA, MDA is thought to act primarily as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent.[citation needed] However

likely similar to that of LSD, which acts on serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain. 1V-LSD is a research chemical that appears to

primarily as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters in the

most likely acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to build up within the brain, resulting

dementia. As with methylphenidate and pipradol, it is thought to act as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Of these three piperidines, it is

of action, working on both the μ-opioid receptor and also acting as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Tapentadol is used in the management of moderate

thought to act primarily as a mild norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations

dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent, with modest selectivity for serotonin. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine

activity on the α2 receptors in the brainstem inhibits the release of norepinephrine (NE), resulting in decreased sympathetic nervous system tone. Clonidine

The mechanism of action involves promoting the release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Cyclazodone was developed in the 1960s by the American

releaser of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. It has been demonstrated that compared to the unsubstituted ethylamphetamine

promote dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine, and hypocretin / orexin. Modafinil and its R-enantiomer, armodafinil, increase both norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine

serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with very poor affinity for SERT. This allows dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine to accumulate

in effect. 5-MAPB is a triple reuptake inhibitor for the monoamines norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin as well as being an agonist for the 5-HT2A and

to the designer drug pentedrone and α-PVP, which both act as a potent norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRI), although no substantial research

and MDA. It produces its effects by increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The first recorded human use of MDEA was

about its pharmacology, although it likely acts by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. N-Ethylhexedrone was first synthesized by

and that it releases the neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. 2-FEA likely creates it effects by acting as a releasing agent of said

its effects by promoting the release of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Subjective effects are essentially identical to that of

produces its effects by increasing levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. Ephylone was developed in the 1960s by Boehringer Ingelheim

acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters

should be adjusted accordingly. 5-APB is a triple reuptake inhibitor for norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin as well as being an agonist for the 5-HT2A 

acts as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it effectively boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters in the

(family Ephedraceae). It works mainly by increasing the activity of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on adrenergic receptors. It is most usually marketed

a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It however has been shown that ETH-CAT is a selective substrate for the norepinephrine transporter (NET)

non-essential amino acid that serves a precursor to dopamine, adrenaline and norepinephrine in the human body. As a supplement, it is reported to act as a mild

and, in high doses, on norepinephrine, and to a small extent epinephrine, glutamate, and cortisol. Caffeine increases norepinephrine by about 75%, dopamine

group of compounds known as substituted cathinones. Pentedrone acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Pentedrone was first detected being

Methiopropamine functions as a selective norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting

concentration. Norepinephrine release causes increased alertness and arousal. With low doses, nicotine enhances the action of norepinephrine and dopamine

promote dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine, and hypocretin / orexin. Modafinil and its R-enantiomer, armodafinil, increase both norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine

Butylone acts as a mixed reuptake inhibitor/releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These are the neurotransmitters in charge of pleasure

Ethylone acts as a mixed reuptake inhibitor/releasing agent of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These are the neurotransmitters in charge of pleasure

inhibiting the metabolism of monoamine compounds such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Harmala alkaloids are selective for MAO-A at reasonable doses and bind

dopaminergic stimulant and likely is the result of activity beyond dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Even in high doses it is much less stimulating

acts primarily as a triple releasing agent of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.[citation needed] Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective

central nervous system is the blockade of the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporter. This substance acts as a triple reuptake inhibitor and

DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive

inhibitor and releasing agent of the main three monoamines; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist. αMT's

neurotransmitters are derived from phenethylamine such as adrenaline, dopamine, norepinephrine. Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index

α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic, H1, I1 (Imidazoline receptor), and NET (norepinephrine transporter). It behaves as an agonist at most serotonin receptors.

selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to MDMA, it is considerably less effective

neurotransmitters, including glutamate, substance P, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine. This, in turn, increases GABAergic activity.[citation needed] As the

DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive

acting as a releasing agent for the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (SNDRA), binding to and reversing their transporters

results. Ephenidine also possesses weaker affinity for the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (379 nM and 841 nM, respectively) as well as σ1R (629 nM)

neurotransmitters, including dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and, in high doses, norepinephrine, and to a small extent epinephrine, glutamate, and cortisol. The effects

attention-promoting effects of kava. Kavain has shown evidence to be a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It also shows evidence of being an activator

presents affinity for the norepinephrine and serotonin receptor systems where it functions as an agonist. Its action on norepinephrine and serotonin also likely

addition to inhibiting dopamine reuptake. It also increases levels of norepinephrine, but its means of doing so are unclear. Bromantane's anxiolytic properties

concentrations of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine through unknown mechanisms. These substances include but are not limited

a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no data to support these claims. Owing

to the SERT and NET, thereby acting as a moderately potent serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. These mechanisms may help explain why there are

receptor antagonist. Pethidine is also a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Pethidine is a κ-opioid agonist and its metabolite

selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to MDMA, it is considerably less effective

serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but (−)-O-DSMT retains activity as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and so the mix of both the parent compound and metabolites

binding profiles at monoamine receptors (i.e. serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine).[citation needed] One study found MiPLA to fully substitute for LSD

monoamine receptors other than serotonin, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include: Analysis

have shown that LSD possesses binding efficacy at all dopamine and all norepinephrine receptors. Most serotonergic psychedelics are not significantly dopaminergic

DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive

DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive

a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no experimental data to support these claims

neurotransmitters, including glutamate, substance P, acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Reduction in the release of glutamate and acetylcholine might be the

a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no data to support these claims. It has

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor/Summary Template:SubstanceBox/Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake

L-Phenylalanine Dopamine Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Histamine Melatonin Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Serotonin (5-HT) Catecholamines Dopamine Phenethylamines